Course Meeting Times
Lectures: 2 sessions / week, 1.5 hours / session
Course Description
This is a second-semester graduate course on the geometry of manifolds. The main emphasis is on the geometry of symplectic manifolds, but the material also includes long digressions into complex geometry and the geometry of 4-manifolds, with special emphasis on topological considerations.
Main Topics
- Review of differential forms and de Rham cohomology
- Symplectic manifolds; symplectomorphisms; Lagrangian submanifolds
- Darboux and Moser theorems, Lagrangian neighborhood theorem
- Complex vector bundles
- Almost-complex structures, compatibility, integrability
- Kähler manifolds, Dolbeault cohomology, Hodge theory, projective embeddings
- Smooth 4-manifolds, intersection pairing, topological invariants
- Smooth 4-manifolds vs. symplectic 4-manifolds vs. complex surfaces
The symplectic geometry part of the course follows the book by Ana Cannas da Silva, Lectures on Symplectic Geometry (Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1764, Springer-Verlag); the discussion of Kähler geometry mostly follows the book by R. O. Wells, Differential Analysis on Complex Manifolds (Springer GTM 65).
Prerequisites
Geometry of Manifolds (18.965) or equivalent: manifolds, vector fields, differential forms, vector bundles, homology, cohomology.
Homework
Grading for this course is based on homework. Homework assignments are due every 3 weeks or so.
Texts
There is no required text. The following references are useful:
Cannas da Silva, A. Lectures on Symplectic Geometry (Lecture Notes in Mathematics). New York City, NY: Springer, 2001. ISBN: 9783540421955.
Wells, R. O. Differential Analysis on Complex Manifolds. New York City, NY: Springer, 1980. ISBN: 9780387904191.
McDuff, D., and D. Salamon. Introduction to Symplectic Topology. New York City, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780198504511.
Morgan, J. W. The Seiberg-Witten Equations and Applications to the Topology of Smooth Four-Manifolds (Mathematical Notes 44). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995, ISBN: 9780691025971.
Calendar
| LEC # | TOPICS | KEY DATES |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Review of differential forms, Lie derivative, and de Rham cohomology. | |
| 2 | Cup-product and Poincaré duality in de Rham cohomology; symplectic vector spaces and linear algebra; symplectic manifolds, first examples; symplectomorphisms | |
| 3 | Symplectic form on the cotangent bundle; symplectic and Lagrangian submanifolds; conormal bundles; graphs of symplectomorphisms as Lagrangian submanifolds in products; isotopies and vector fields; Hamiltonian vector fields; classical mechanics | |
| 4 | Symplectic vector fields, flux; isotopy and deformation equivalence; Moser's theorem; Darboux's theorem | |
| 5 | Tubular neighborhoods; local version of Moser's theorem; Weinstein's neighborhood theorem | |
| 6 | Tangent space to the group of symplectomorphisms; fixed points of symplectomorphisms; Arnold's conjecture; Morse theory: Gradient trajectories, Morse complex, homology; action functional on the loop space, and the basic idea of Floer homology | |
| 7 | More Floer homology; almost-complex structures; compatibility with a symplectic structure; polar decomposition; compatible triples | Homework 1 due |
| 8 | Almost-complex structures: Existence and contractibility; almost-complex submanifolds vs. symplectic submanifolds; Sp(2n), O(2n), GL(n,C), and U(n); connections: definition, connection 1-form | |
| 9 | Horizontal distributions; metric connections; curvature of a connection: Intrinsic definition; expression in terms of connection 1-form | |
| 10 | Twisted de Rham operator; Levi-Civita connection on (TM,g); Chern classes of complex vector bundles (via curvature and Chern-Weil); Euler class and top Chern class | |
| 11 | Naturality properties of Chern classes and topological definition; equivalence between the two definitions; classification of complex line bundles | |
| 12 | Chern classes of the tangent bundle; cohomological criterion for existence of almost-complex structures on a 4-manifold, examples; splitting of tangent and cotangent bundles of (M,J), types; complex manifolds, Dolbeault cohomology | Homework 2 due |
| 13 | Nijenhuis tensor; integrability; square of the dbar operator; Newlander-Nirenberg theorem; Kähler manifolds; complex projective space | |
| 14 | Kähler forms; strictly plurisubharmonic functions; Kähler potentials; examples; Fubini-Study Kähler form; complex projective manifolds; Hodge decomposition theorem | |
| 15 | Hodge * operator on a Riemannian manifold; d* operator; Laplacian, harmonic forms; Hodge decomposition theorem; differential operators; symbol, ellipticity; existence of parametrix | |
| 16 | Elliptic regularity, Green's operator; Hodge * operator and complex Hodge theory on a Kähler manifold; relation between real and complex Laplacians | |
| 17 | Hodge diamond; hard Lefschetz theorem; holomorphic vector bundles; canonical connection and curvature | |
| 18 | Holomorphic sections and projective embeddings; ampleness; Donaldson's proof of the Kodaira embedding theorem: local model; concentrated approximately holomorphic sections | Homework 3 due |
| 19 | Donaldson's proof of the Kodaira embedding theorem: Estimates; concentrated sections; approximation lemma | |
| 20 | Proof of the approximation lemma; examples of compact 4-manifolds without almost-complex structures, without symplectic structures, without complex structures; Kodaira-Thurston manifold | |
| 21 | Symplectic fibrations; Thurston's construction of symplectic forms; symplectic Lefschetz fibrations, Gompf and Donaldson theorems | |
| 22 | Symplectic sum along codimension 2 symplectic submanifolds; Gompf's construction of symplectic 4-manifolds with arbitrary pi_1 | |
| 23 | Symplectic branched covers of symplectic 4-manifolds. | |
| 24 | Homeomorphism classification of simply connected 4-manifolds; intersection pairings; spin^c structures; spin^c connections; Dirac operator | |
| 25 | Seiberg-Witten equations; gauge group; moduli space; linearized equations; compactness of moduli space | |
| 26 | Seiberg-Witten invariant; properties; vanishing for manifolds of positive scalar curvature; vanishing for connected sums; Taubes non-vanishing for symplectic manifolds; examples of non-symplectic 4-manifolds, of non-diffeomorphic homeomorphic manifolds |